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The Battle of Matamoros[1] was a naval engagement during the Texas Revolution on April 3, 1836 between one ship of the Mexican Navy and one of the Texas Navy. The Mexican ship was outmaneuvered and repeatedly hit before running aground and abandoned.
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The Invincible was purchased by the Texan government, then in rebellion, which was disturbed by the appearance of Mexican naval raiders along the Gulf Coast. Captain Jeremiah Brown was given command of the Invincible on March 12, 1836 in Galveston.
Captain Brown was tasked with defending the Texas coast, and neutralizing the Mexican man-of-war Montezuma. The Invincible cruised south to the mouth of the Rio Grande, where on April 3, 1836, she encountered the ten gun Mexican brig in the Port of Matamoros, also known as Brazos Santiago, now Boca Chica at the mouth of the Laguna Madre.[2]
Montezuma had two 68-pounder guns, eight 32-pounder paixhans guns and had a crew of about 75 men. Montezuma's Paixhans guns fired a shell that exploded on impact, creating a shower of shrapnel over the target. The Invincible had two 18-pounder guns, two 9-pounder guns and four 6-pounder guns with a smaller crew than Montezuma. After the approach and raising of the Texas colors at 10:00 am, Captain Jeremiah Brown ordered his artillerists to open fire on the Montezuma. For a short while the two warships exchanged broadsides, scoring some hits as Invincible outmaneuvered Montezuma by sailing in circles around the Mexican vessel, firing broadsides the entire time. Invincible only made two passes before the slower Mexican cruiser was in flames. Eventually the Montezuma ran aground on a sandbar, sealing her fate. The Mexican officers and crew quickly escaped into the water from the severely damaged vessel and made it ashore on the enemy coast. The Invincible continued to barrage the Mexican cruiser until she was destroyed. Casualties are unknown.[2]
The Texans emerged victorious, having destroyed the Montezuma. Later that day, the Invincible encountered an American merchant vessel, the Pocket. After engaging and capturing the Pocket, Captain Brown discovered a cache of weapons, as well as supplies being shipped to the Mexican Army. Accompanying the supplies were Mexican naval officers and a considerable amount of military documents, all in Spanish. The Pocket was sent to Galveston under a prize crew. The supplies aboard the Pocket were sent to General Sam Houston's army, where the general used them against the Mexicans at San Jacinto.[2]
This action by the Texas Navy of disrupting the Mexican army's maritime based supply chain, more than anything else, led to their later defeat at San Jacinto, Texas. Their vastly superior army had been forced to scatter into several smaller units, in order to procure food throughout Texas.